#Emotional reactivity trial#
There was no main effect of diagnosis or diagnosis X trial interaction on CS reactivity. A mixed effects model found a significant diagnosis X trial interaction: patients with bvFTD showed greater ZM reactivity to neutral, negative (disgust and surprise), self-conscious (proud), and positive (happy) faces than healthy controls. The majority of participants also underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Participants rated their baseline positive and negative emotional experience before the task, and informants rated participants' real-world empathic behavior on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. We used facial electromyography to measure automatic, sub-visible activity in two facial muscles during the task: Zygomaticus major ( ZM), which is active during positive emotional reactions (i.e., smiling), and Corrugator supercilii ( CS), which is active during negative emotional reactions (i.e., frowning). Fifty-one participants (26 patients with bvFTD and 25 healthy controls) viewed photographs of neutral, positive, negative, and self-conscious emotional faces and then identified the emotions displayed in the photographs. We investigated whether dysregulated positive emotions in bvFTD undermine empathy by making it difficult for patients to share (emotional empathy), recognize (cognitive empathy), and respond (real-world empathy) to emotions in others. Although most patients with bvFTD become less sensitive to negative emotional cues, some patients become more sensitive to positive emotional stimuli. 2Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United Statesīehavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by profound changes in emotions and empathy.
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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